Learning a second language like Spanish often requires a review of some basic grammatical terms. Every language has ways of dealing with the parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjective, adverbs, direct objects and prepositions. If you've been out of school for a few years, you might need to review these terms.
A noun is a person, place, or thing such as chair, professor, or dog. Nouns can be singular (one item) or plural (multiple items). DOG is singular, but DOGS is plural.
In English, we don't have genders for nouns, but most languages do. Gender can be masculine, feminine, and for some languages neteur. For example, in Spanish one base word can with different endings can be translated to two different English words. For example, CHICO menas boy, and CHICA means girl.
An adjective describes a noun, such as the BIG chair, the TALL professor, the MEAN dog. Adjectives can include colors: The BLUE chair, the BLACK dog. In many languages, the noun and adjective have to agree in number and gender. For example, in Spanish: Los perros negros (the black dogs), but el perro negro (the black dog).
Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does; for example: The boy THROWS the ball. The tiger EATS the food. Verbs can further be qualified by adverbs: The boy SKILFULLY throws the ball. The tiger QUICKLY eats the food. Verbs are "conjugated", often with suffixes and sometimes with prefixes. For example, in English, we say "I eat" but in the past tense "I ate" or "I have eaten".
Every sentence may be divided into a subject (the thing doing the action) and the predicate. The burglar JUMPED over the fence. The lady WENT to the store. The direct object is the action that receives the action of the verb: He counted THE BOOKS. The lion ate THE GAZELLE. The boy threw THE BALL. A transitive verbs usually require a direct object, and an intranstive verb cannot. "You complain too much." is intransitive, you just complain, you don't complain an object. "The boy threw" sounds like an incomplete sentence because the word "threw" is transitive. Usually, you would say "The boy threw the ball" or the "The boy threw the chair", thus completing the thought.
A preposition introduces a prepositional clause. Common prepositions include: in, on, over, under, with, for, against. Example: I put the chair ON THE FLOOR. He put the ball IN THE HOUSE. I went WITH THE CHILDREN. It often adds the flavor to where or with whom the verb happens.
Most sentence are declarative, but a sentence may also be a question (also called an interrogative) or a command (called an "imperative" in grammar). An example imperative is: GO to the store and BUY some milk. Questions typically begin with the words: who, what, when, where, why, how.
A noun is a person, place, or thing such as chair, professor, or dog. Nouns can be singular (one item) or plural (multiple items). DOG is singular, but DOGS is plural.
In English, we don't have genders for nouns, but most languages do. Gender can be masculine, feminine, and for some languages neteur. For example, in Spanish one base word can with different endings can be translated to two different English words. For example, CHICO menas boy, and CHICA means girl.
An adjective describes a noun, such as the BIG chair, the TALL professor, the MEAN dog. Adjectives can include colors: The BLUE chair, the BLACK dog. In many languages, the noun and adjective have to agree in number and gender. For example, in Spanish: Los perros negros (the black dogs), but el perro negro (the black dog).
Verbs are a class of words used to show the performance of an action (do, throw, run), existence (be), possession (have), or state (know, love) of a subject. To put it simply a verb shows what something or someone does; for example: The boy THROWS the ball. The tiger EATS the food. Verbs can further be qualified by adverbs: The boy SKILFULLY throws the ball. The tiger QUICKLY eats the food. Verbs are "conjugated", often with suffixes and sometimes with prefixes. For example, in English, we say "I eat" but in the past tense "I ate" or "I have eaten".
Every sentence may be divided into a subject (the thing doing the action) and the predicate. The burglar JUMPED over the fence. The lady WENT to the store. The direct object is the action that receives the action of the verb: He counted THE BOOKS. The lion ate THE GAZELLE. The boy threw THE BALL. A transitive verbs usually require a direct object, and an intranstive verb cannot. "You complain too much." is intransitive, you just complain, you don't complain an object. "The boy threw" sounds like an incomplete sentence because the word "threw" is transitive. Usually, you would say "The boy threw the ball" or the "The boy threw the chair", thus completing the thought.
A preposition introduces a prepositional clause. Common prepositions include: in, on, over, under, with, for, against. Example: I put the chair ON THE FLOOR. He put the ball IN THE HOUSE. I went WITH THE CHILDREN. It often adds the flavor to where or with whom the verb happens.
Most sentence are declarative, but a sentence may also be a question (also called an interrogative) or a command (called an "imperative" in grammar). An example imperative is: GO to the store and BUY some milk. Questions typically begin with the words: who, what, when, where, why, how.
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